BIOLOGY4ISC
  • HOME
  • ICSE 10
    • SYLLABUS
    • CONTENT >
      • Basic Biology >
        • 1. Cell division
        • 2. Genetics
      • Plant physiology >
        • 3. Osmosis and Ascent of sap
        • 4. Transpiration
        • 5. Photosynthesis
      • Human anatomy and physiology >
        • 6. Circulatory system
        • 7. Excretory system
        • 8. Nervous system and sense organs
        • 9. Endocrine system
        • 10. Reproductive system
      • Physical health and hygiene >
        • 11. Human population
        • 12. Aids to health and health organisation
    • PAPERS
  • ISC 11
    • SYLLABUS
    • CONTENT >
      • U-1 Diversity of life >
        • a. Biological classification >
          • Kingdom Monera
          • Kingdom Protista
          • Kingdom Fungi
        • c. Kingdom Plantae >
          • Thallophyta
          • Bryophyta
          • Pteridophyta
          • Gymnosperms
          • Angiosperms
        • d. Kingdom Animalia
      • U-2:Structural organisation in plants and animals >
        • b. Anatomy of flowering plants >
          • Basic idea of how secondary growth
          • Plant tissues
        • c. Structural organisation in animals >
          • Animal tissues
          • Connective tissue
          • Morphology and anatomy of cockroach
      • U-3. Cell structure and function >
        • a. Cell : unit of function >
          • cell organelles
          • nucleus
          • Cell membranes
        • b. Biomolecules >
          • Enzymes
        • c. Cell cycle and cell division >
          • MEIOSIS
      • U-4. Plant Physiology >
        • a. Plant transport >
          • Transpiration
        • b. Mineral nutrition
        • c. Photosynthesis
        • d. Cell respiration
        • e. Plant growth >
          • Plant hormones and photomorphogenesis
          • PLANT MOVEMENT
      • U-5. Human physiology >
        • a. Digestion and Absorption >
          • Physiology
          • disorders of digestive system
        • b. Respiratory system
        • c. Circulatory System >
          • Heart dissection
        • d. Excretory System >
          • Kidney dissection
        • e. Endocrine system >
          • Assignment
        • f. Nervous system >
          • Nervous system >
            • Eye
            • Ear
        • g. Locomotion
    • PRACTICAL >
      • Practical list and guidelines
      • Tools in Biology
      • PRACTICAL BOOKLET
    • SPECIMEN PAPERS
  • ISC 12
    • SYLLABUS
    • CONTENT >
      • U-1. REPRODUCTION >
        • Sexual reproduction in flowering plants >
          • Seeds and fruits
        • Human reproduction >
          • Human embryonic development
        • Reproductive health
      • U-2 .GENETICS AND EVOLUTION >
        • 1. Principles of inheritance and variation
        • 2.Molecular basis of inheritance >
          • 4. Gene expression
        • 1. Origin of life
        • 2. Evidences of evolution
        • 3. Theories of Evolution
        • 4. Human evolution
      • U-3 BIOLOGY AND HUMAN WELFARE >
        • 1. Human health and diseases >
          • Human diseases- causes and symptoms
        • 2. Enhancement in food production
      • U-4 BIOTECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATIONS >
        • 1. rDNA technology
      • U-5 ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT >
        • 13_Organism and environment
        • 1. Ecosystem
        • 2. Environmental Issues
    • PRACTICAL >
      • LIST AND INSTRUCTIONS
      • TAXONOMY
      • SLIDE PREPARATION
      • OBSERVATION >
        • PLANT ANATOMY
        • PLANT MORPHOLOGY
        • PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
        • ANIMAL ANATOMY
      • PLANT PHYSIOLOGY EXPERIMENTS
    • E BOOKS
    • PAPERS
  • GALLERY
    • 2007-10
    • 2010-12
    • 2011-13 >
      • 2013
      • PROJECT
      • Out of the classroom
      • BuddingBiologists
    • 2012-14 (class DPs) >
      • Photographs
      • Practical Based learning
      • PROJECT IDEA >
        • Project implementation
    • 2013-15 (class DPs) >
      • PROJECT
      • Photographs
    • 2014-16 >
      • Photographs
    • 2015-17
    • 2016-18
  • TRAINING
  • THE BIO PLACE

 ISC 11>CONTENT>2 DIVERSITY OF LIFE>3 KINGDOM-PLANTAE>ANGIOSPERMS


SCOPE OF SYLLABUS
  • Angiosperms- Monocot and dicot plants (Comparison of external features only)
  • Morphology and modification of roots, stem and leaves for storage, perennation, reproduction and mechanical support. Phyllotaxy.

CLASS PRESENTATION

ANIMATIONS

Angiosperms: Characteristics
Angiosperms: Life cycle
Angiosperms: Double fertilization
Angiosperms: Dicots
Angiosperms: Monocots

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
  • The angiosperms are an exceptionally large group of plants occurring in wide range of habitats. 
  • They range in size from tiny, almost microscopic Wolfia to tall trees of Eucalyptus (over 100 metres). 
  • In angiosperms, the main plant body is a sporophyte consisting of roots, stem and leaves.
  • Unlike the gymnosperms where the ovules are naked, in the angiosperms or flowering plants, the pollen grains and ovules are developed in specialised structures called flowers. 
  • In angiosperms, the seeds are enclosed by fruits.
  • The male sex organs in a flower is the stamen. Each stamen consists of a slender filament with an anther at the tip. The anthers, following meiosis, produce pollen grains. 
  • Unlike the gymnosperms where the ovules are naked, in the angiosperms or flowering plants, the pollen grains and ovules are developed in specialised structures called flowers. The female sex organs in a flower is the carpel. Pistil consists of an ovary enclosing one to many ovules. Within ovules are present highly reduced female gametophytes termed embryosacs. 
  • The embryo-sac formation is preceded by meiosis. Hence, each of the cells of an embryo-sac is haploid. Each embryo-sac has a three-celled egg apparatus – one egg cell and two synergids, three antipodal cells and two polar nuclei. The polar nuclei eventually fuse to produce a diploid secondary nucleus. 
  • Pollen grain, after dispersal from the anthers, are carried by wind or various other agencies to the stigma of a pistil. This is termed as pollination. 
  • The pollen grains germinate on the stigma and the resulting pollen tubes grow through the tissues of stigma and style and reach the ovule. 
  • The pollen tubes enter the embryo-sac where two male gametes are discharged. 
  • One of the male gametes fuses with the egg cell to form a zygote (syngamy). 
  • The other male gamete fuses with the diploid secondary nucleus to produce the triploid primary endosperm nucleus (PEN). 
  • Because of the involvement of two fusions, this event is termed as double fertilisation, an event unique to angiosperms. 
  • The zygote develops into an embryo (with one or two cotyledons) and the PEN develops into endosperm which provides nourishment to the developing embryo. 
  • The synergids and antipodals degenerate after fertilisation. During these events the ovules develop into seeds and the ovaries develop into fruit. The life cycle of an angiosperm is shown in  given figure.
Picture
A) FLASH CARDS (Click on following image ; Go to chapter 26 and 27; click on flash cards)
Picture
Any suggestions to improve the website content are welcome, and feedback that points out errors and ambiguities will be appreciated................ Contact:Gajendra Khandelwal(mandawara8@gmail.com), Deepthi.Uthaman (duthaman12@gmail.com)